Thursday 2 May 2013

Seaweed versus Chemotherapy


Seaweed versus Chemotherapy: Can Seaweed Treat Cancer?



Seaweed versus Chemotherapy: Can Seaweed Treat Cancer?
Several recent international studies have illustrated that seaweeds and their extracts may have the capability of inhibiting and even treating cancer.
The most recent study, from Brazil's Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, found that two fractionated polysaccharides from the seaweed species Sargassum vulgare inhibited the process of tumor angiogenesis – more specifically a tumor's development and maintenance of blood vessels in order to grow. They also found that the two constituents inhibited the growth of the HeLa human cancer cell line.
The HeLa is a cell line derived from Henrietta Lacks, a young woman who died with cervical cancer in 1951
This result is boosted by another recent study from scientists from Malaysia's University Putra. This study utilized the edible red seaweed species Eucheuma cottonii. The researchers found that an extract of this seaweed was more effective at preventing the spread of breast cancer among rats than tamoxifen.
The treatment also resulted in no negative side effects and no toxicity to the liver or kidneys - only one of the negative side effects of chemotherapy drug tamoxifen.
Seaweeds' anticarcinogenic effects have also been shown among human studies. In February, researchers from Japan's Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi Hospital reported that zeaxanthin along with other seaweed carotenoids reduce colorectal cancer incidence among Japanese adults.
In this study 893 adults were tested along with having colorectal endoscopy. Men who had higher circulating levels of zeaxanthin had a third less incidence of colorectal cancer and half the incidence of polyps than those who had less zeaxanthin levels.
Among women, those who ate more seaweed had more than a 75% reduction in colorectal cancer incidence.
Research from Japan's Kyushu University confirmed that when human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231 cell line) were treated with fucoidan - a constituent of brown seaweeds - the cancer growth was inhibited through multiple processes.
Among these processes were the stimulation of caspase activity. Caspases are enzymes that are dormant until triggered into activity. When they are triggered, some can exert cell death among cancer cells, as took place following fucoidan treatment.
Another effect of fucoidan found in this study was its ability to alter the membranes of cancer cell mitochondria – changing the ion exchange through the membrane. This serves, along with the release of cytochrome c and Bcl-2 proteins, to contribute to cancer cell death as well.
Research from South Korea's College of Veterinary Medicine found that fucoidan inhibited the metastasizing of the A549 human lung cancer cell line. The A549 human lung cancer cell line is one of the most aggressive forms of lung cancer. The mechanism seen in this study was that the fucoidan decreased the MMP-2 activity of the cancer cells. As MMP-2 activity is directly linked to caspase enzymes, this confirms the Kyushu University research noted above.
The researchers concluded that, "fucoidan can be considered as a potential therapeutic reagent against the metastasis of invasive human lung cancer cells."
Other recent studies have shown that seaweeds and their extracts inhibit gastric cancer and other forms of cancer. Research from the Science University of Tokyo found seaweed extracts inhibited five different human cancer cell lines.
Research also confirms that seaweeds have incredible free radical scavenger abilities. A study from Denmark's National Food Institute and the Technical University of Denmark tested extracts of 16 different seaweed species from the Danish coastlines, and concluded their phenolic content and sulphated polysaccharide content enabled them to produce significant antioxidation and radical-scavenging effects.
This has been confirmed by research from Hilo's College of Pharmacy at the University of Hawaii. The researchers are studying the anticancer effects of seaweeds, and finding that phenolic compounds such as phlorotannins and bromophenols, along with their fucoxanthin content contributes to an antioxidant effect that appears to help prevent different forms of cancer.

References

  • Dore CM, Alves MG, Santos ND, Cruz AK, Câmara RB, Castro AJ, Alves LG, Nader HB, Leite EL. Antiangiogenic activity and direct antitumor effect from a sulfated polysaccharide isolated from seaweed. Microvasc Res. 2013 Mar 15.
  • Shamsabadi FT, Khoddami A, Fard SG, Abdullah R, Othman HH, Mohamed S. Comparison of Tamoxifen with Edible Seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii L.) Extract in Suppressing Breast Tumor. Nutr Cancer. 2013 Feb;65(2):255-62.
  • Sabeena Farvin KH, Jacobsen C. Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of selected species of seaweeds from Danish coast. Food Chem. 2013 Jun 1;138(2-3):1670-81.
  • Park EJ, Pezzuto JM. Antioxidant Marine Products in Cancer Chemoprevention. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2013 Mar 19.
  • Zhang Z, Teruya K, Eto H, Shirahata S. Induction of Apoptosis by Low-Molecular-Weight Fucoidan through Calcium- and Caspase-Dependent Mitochondrial Pathways in MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2013;77(2):235-42.
  • Okuyama Y, Ozasa K, Oki K, Nishino H, Fujimoto S, Watanabe Y. Inverse associations between serum concentrations of zeaxanthin and other carotenoids and colorectal neoplasm in Japanese. Int J Clin Oncol. 2013 Feb 5.
  • Wang R, Paul VJ, Luesch H. Seaweed extracts and unsaturated fatty acid constituents from the green alga Ulva lactuca as activators of the cytoprotective Nrf2-ARE pathway. Free Radic Biol Med. 2013 Apr;57:141-53.
  • Lee H, Kim JS, Kim E. Fucoidan from seaweed Fucus vesiculosus inhibits migration and invasion of human lung cancer cell via PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathways. PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e50624.
  • Zhang RL, Luo WD, Bi TN, Zhou SK. Evaluation of antioxidant and immunity-enhancing activities of Sargassum pallidum aqueous extract in gastric cancer rats. Molecules. 2012 Jul 11;17(7):8419-29.
  • D'Orazio N, Gemello E, Gammone MA, de Girolamo M, Ficoneri C, Riccioni G. Fucoxantin: a treasure from the sea. Mar Drugs. 2012 Mar;10(3):604-16.
  • Myobatake Y, Takeuchi T, Kuramochi K, Kuriyama I, Ishido T, Hirano K, Sugawara F, Yoshida H, Mizushina Y. Pinophilins A and B, inhibitors of mammalian A-, B-, and Y-family DNA polymerases and human cancer cell proliferation. J Nat Prod. 2012 Feb 24;75(2):135-41
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Apa yang terkandung dalam rumpai laut yang berjaya membantu ramai penghidap Kanser dan berjaya menarik minat ahli-ahli Sains?

"PENDEKATAN SEMASA UNTUK RAWATAN KANSER ADALAH SALAH! SEL KANSER BUKAN ANCAMAN KEPADA KITA, JIKA KITA BOLEH MENYE...BABKAN SEL TERSEBUT UNTUK MEMBUNUH DIRI SEPERTI SEL-SEL BIASA YANG LAIN!"
Dr Ando dari Jepun dengan berani menyatakan perkara tersebut pada seminar itu.
"Perkara yang saya hanya dapat jelaskan sebagai KEAJAIBAN telah berlaku betul-betul di depan mata saya sekarang," katanya lagi. "Tahun lepas, saya mencadangkannya kepada pesakit kanser paru-paru saya, dan fikiran saya tentang rawatan kanser benar-benar berubah. Kerana pesakit itu sangat tua, rawatan apa-apa pun hanya akan memudaratkannya, dan beliau akan mati dengan cepat. Tetapi 3 bulan selepas beliau dimasukkan ke hospital saya, sel-sel kanser beliau telah hilang sepenuhnya. Bukan itu saja. Beliau kini hidup sihat bersama kawan-kawannya. Jika beliau dirawat di bawah penjagaan perubatan moden, saya mungkin boleh melanjutkan hidup beliau sementara waktu, tetapi, terus-terang, saya tidak pasti sama ada dia boleh hidup dengan sihat lagi. " Dr Ando meninggikan suaranya sangat terharu dengan penuh emosi. Para Profesional perubatan dan ahli sains di seluruh dunia teruja untuk akhirnya mengetahui rahsia 3,000 tahun lalu boleh menyelamatkan nyawa.hadiah dari lautan, Walaupun pertumbuhan pesat perubatan moden, masih terdapat banyak penyakit yang doktor-doktor tidak mempunyai rawatan untuknya. Antara banyak penyakit yang paling sukar untuk dirawat, penyakit #1 ialah KANSER . Sebab sel-sel kanser begitu berbahaya kerana ia tidak mati. Badan kita terdiri daripada kira-kira 60.000.000.000.000 sel-sel. Sel-sel lama mati, dan sel-sel baru dilahirkan. Ini perkara biasa. Dan proses kematian sel ini dipanggil, 'apoptosis,' bermakna kematian sel telah diprogram. Walau bagaimanapun, tidak seperti sel-sel normal, sel-sel kanser tidak mati. Ia tidak mempunyai apoptosis. Ia hidup dan membiak selama-lamanya. Kemudian pada tahun 1996, satu bahan ajaib dipanggil rumpai laut mula diperkenalkan di Konvensyen ke-55 Kanser di Jepun, telah dilaporkan bahawa rumpai laut boleh menyebabkan apoptosis sel-sel kanser tanpa menjejaskan sel-sel normal. Idea untuk menggunakan rumpai laut untuk mencegah atau merawat penyakit boleh dirujuk sekurang-kurangnya sejauh Mesir purba. Apa yang begitu hebat tentang rumpai laut? Bukti yang menunjukkan bahawa orang-orang Mesir purba menggunakan rumpai laut untuk merawat kanser payudara. Baru-baru ini, para saintis telah menemukan teori bahawa rumpai laut yang ada dalam diet masyarakat Jepun mungkin menjadi satu sebab penting mengapa wanita menopaus Jepun hanya satu daripada sembilan jumlah wanita menghidap kanser payudara di Amerika Syarikat.

http://health-center.thecorner4women.com/Discover-Why-Doctors-Think-Seaweed-Can-Help-Cure-Cancer.php
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